Apexification and apexogenesis are two procedures used in pediatric dentistry and endodontics to manage immature permanent teeth with pulp involvement or damage. 1) Apexification is a procedure used to induce the formation of a calcified barrier (apical barrier) at the apex (tip) of an immature tooth root that has lost vitality due to trauma or decay. 2) Apexogenesis is a procedure used to promote continued root development in immature permanent teeth with pulp exposure, without inducing the formation of a calcified barrier at the apex. Both apexification and apexogenesis are important techniques for preserving immature permanent teeth and promoting their long-term health and function. The choice between them depends on various factors, including the extent of pulp involvement, the stage of root development, and the overall condition of the tooth.